Description

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) TURBT is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose, stage, and remove bladder tumors. It is the primary treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and is performed using a cystoscope inserted through the urethra. Indications for TURBT Suspected bladder cancer (blood in urine, abnormal imaging, or urinary symptoms) Confirmed bladder tumor requiring removal Staging and grading of bladder cancer Recurrent bladder tumors Procedure Overview Anesthesia: General or spinal anesthesia is used. Cystoscope Insertion: A thin camera (resectoscope) is passed through the urethra into the bladder. Tumor Removal: A wire loop is used to shave off the tumor. Deep muscle sampling may be done to check if the tumor has invaded deeper layers. Cauterization: The area is sealed with electric current or laser to prevent bleeding. Catheter Placement: A Foley catheter may be inserted for urine drainage and bladder irrigation. Duration: 15–60 minutes, depending on tumor size and number Hospital Stay: Usually same-day discharge or 1-night stay Post-Operative Care Blood in urine (common for a few days) Hydration to flush out clots Avoid strenuous activities for 2–4 weeks Catheter care (if placed) Bladder instillation therapy (e.g., BCG or Mitomycin C) for cancer prevention Potential Complications Bleeding (usually self-limiting) Urinary tract infection (UTI) Bladder perforation (rare but requires intervention) Recurrence of bladder tumors (common, requiring repeat TURBT) Follow-Up and Additional Treatment Repeat TURBT (4-6 weeks later) if: Tumor was large or high-grade Muscle invasion was uncertain

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